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Pyruvate metabolism

State Icon Reaction EC-Number Confidence maximal confidence score from EnzymeDetector
D-lactate + a_quinone <=> pyruvate + a_quinol 1.1.5.12 D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone)

enzyme_N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ <=> [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue(2-methylpropanoyl)transferase]-lipoyllysine + NADH + H+ 1.8.1.4 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

H+ + pyruvate + phosphate + O2 <=> acetyl_phosphate + CO2 + H2O2 1.2.3.3 pyruvate oxidase

NTP + pyruvate <=> NDP + phosphoenolpyruvate 2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinase

D-lactate + NAD+ <=> pyruvate + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.27 L-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.28 D-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.345 D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (NAD+)



D-lactate + H+ <=> methylglyoxal + H2O 3.5.1.124 protein deglycase
4.2.1.130 D-lactate dehydratase


D-Lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> H+ + D-lactate + NADH 1.2.1.22 lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.23 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)



(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyruvate <=> 2-oxoglutarate + D-lactate 1.1.99.40 (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate---pyruvate transhydrogenase

pyruvate + H2O + ubiquinone <=> CO2 + ubiquinol + acetate 1.2.5.1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone)

oxaloacetate + diphosphate <=> phosphate + CO2 + phosphoenolpyruvate 4.1.1.38 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate)

L-lactate + oxaloacetate <=> pyruvate + (S)-malate 1.1.99.7 lactate---malate transhydrogenase

(S)-malate <=> fumarate + H2O 4.2.1.2 fumarate hydratase
4.2.1.34 (S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase


L-lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> L-lactate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.22 lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)


acetylene_dicarboxylate + H2O + H+ <=> pyruvate + CO2 4.1.1.78 acetylenedicarboxylate decarboxylase

2-oxoisovalerate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA 2.3.3.13 2-isopropylmalate synthase
2.3.3.17 methylthioalkylmalate synthase


ATP + acetate <=> diphosphate + acetyl_adenylate 6.2.1.1 acetate---CoA ligase

pyruvate + CoA + oxidized_ferredoxin <=> acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced_ferredoxin_[iron-sulfur]_cluster + H+ 1.2.7.1 pyruvate synthase
1.2.7.11 2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
1.2.7.7 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)



acetate + diphosphate <=> phosphate + acetyl_phosphate 2.7.2.12 acetate kinase (diphosphate)

oxaloacetate + ITP <=> CO2 + phosphoenolpyruvate + IDP 4.1.1.32 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)
4.1.1.49 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP)


succinyl-CoA + acetate <=> succinate + acetyl-CoA 2.8.3.1 propionate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.18 succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.8 acetate CoA-transferase



L-lactate <=> D-lactate 5.1.2.1 lactate racemase
5.1.2.2 mandelate racemase


phosphate + acetyl-CoA <=> acetyl_phosphate + CoA 2.3.1.19 phosphate butyryltransferase
2.3.1.222 phosphate propanoyltransferase
2.3.1.8 phosphate acetyltransferase



oxaloacetate + H+ + Na+ <=> pyruvate + CO2 + Na+ 7.2.4.2 oxaloacetate decarboxylase (Na+ extruding)

acetyl-CoA + propionate <=> acetate + propionyl-CoA 2.8.3.1 propionate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.12 glutaconate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.14 5-hydroxypentanoate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.18 succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase




oxaloacetate + H+ <=> pyruvate + CO2 1.1.1.38 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
1.1.1.40 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
4.1.1.112 oxaloacetate decarboxylase
4.1.1.32 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)
4.1.2.52 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate aldolase
4.1.3.16 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase
4.1.3.17 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase
4.1.3.39 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase
4.1.3.42 (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase
4.1.3.43 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate aldolase
4.4.1.1 cystathionine gamma-lyase
7.2.4.2 oxaloacetate decarboxylase (Na+ extruding)












ethanol + 2 ferricytochrome_c <=> acetaldehyde + 2 ferricytochrome_c 1.1.2.8 alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
1.1.2.9 1-butanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)


acetaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O <=> acetate + NADPH + H+ 1.2.1
1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.24 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.26 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.4 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.2.1.5 aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.2.1.8 betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase









(S)-malate + NADP+ <=> H+ + NADPH + oxaloacetate 1.1.1.299 malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.37 malate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.375 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase
1.1.1.82 malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)






S-D-lactoylglutathione <=> methylglyoxal + glutathione 4.4.1.5 lactoylglutathione lyase

ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- <=> ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA + H+ 6.4.1.2 acetyl-CoA carboxylase
6.4.1.3 propionyl-CoA carboxylase
6.4.1.4 methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase



S-D-lactoylglutathione + H2O <=> H+ + glutathione + D-lactate 3.1.2.6 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase

acetyl-CoA + H2O + glyoxylate <=> H+ + (S)-malate + CoA 2.3.3.9 malate synthase
4.1.3.1 isocitrate lyase


(S)-malate + NADP+ <=> pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH 1.1.1.38 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
1.1.1.39 malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
1.1.1.40 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
1.1.1.85 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase




acetyl_adenylate + CoA <=> AMP + acetyl-CoA 6.2.1.1 acetate---CoA ligase

H+ + O2 + CoA + pyruvate <=> CO2 + H2O2 + acetyl-CoA 1.2.3.6 pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating)

L-lactaldehyde + NADP+ <=> methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1.156 glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
1.1.1.283 methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH)
1.1.1.71 alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.72 glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.78 methylglyoxal reductase (NADH)
1.2.1.49 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)








phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 <=> phosphate + oxaloacetate 4.1.1.31 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

2-oxobutyrate + H2O + acetyl-CoA <=> (2R)-ethylmalate + CoA + H+ 2.3.3.13 2-isopropylmalate synthase
2.3.3.6 2-ethylmalate synthase


acetaldehyde + acceptor + H2O <=> acetate + reduced_acceptor 1.1.99.20 alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
1.2.5.2 aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone)
1.2.99.6 carboxylate reductase
1.2.99.7 aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent)




enol-oxaloacetate + H+ <=> pyruvate + CO2 4.1.1

(S)-malate + H+ <=> L-lactate + CO2 4.1.1.101 malolactic enzyme

acetyl_phosphate + H2O <=> acetate + phosphate 3.1.3.2 acid phosphatase
3.6.1.7 acylphosphatase
7.6.2.1 P-type phospholipid transporter



L-lactate + O2 <=> acetate + CO2 + H2O 1.13.12.4 lactate 2-monooxygenase

CoA + acetate + ATP <=> phosphate + acetyl-CoA + ADP 6.2.1.1 acetate---CoA ligase
6.2.1.13 acetate---CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
6.2.1.B11



ethanol + 2 ferricytochrome_b5 <=> acetaldehyde + 2 ferricytochrome_b5 1.1.2.7 methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)

(S)-malate + FAD <=> oxaloacetate + FADH2 1.1.5.4 malate dehydrogenase (quinone)

pyrroloquinoline_quinone + acetaldehyde + H2O <=> reduced_pyrroloquinoline_quinone + acetate 1.2.5.2 aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone)

an_alcohol + NADP+ <=> an_aldehyde + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.184 carbonyl reductase (NADPH)
1.1.1.191 indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADPH)
1.1.1.195 cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
1.1.1.215 gluconate 2-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.263 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase
1.1.1.265 3-methylbutanal reductase
1.1.1.283 methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH)
1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.61 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.71 alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.72 glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
1.1.1.80 isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.91 aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.97 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase


















D-lactate + acceptor <=> pyruvate + reduced_acceptor 1.1.99.6 D-lactate dehydrogenase (acceptor)

methylglyoxal + NADP+ + H2O <=> H+ + pyruvate + NADPH 1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.23 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.49 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)



acetyl-CoA <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA 1.1.1.34 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
2.3.1.155 acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase
2.3.1.16 acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
2.3.1.38 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase
2.3.1.9 acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase





2-Oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> 2-hydroxy-2-propylsuccinic_acid + CoA 2.3.3.13 2-isopropylmalate synthase
4.1.3


an_alcohol + NAD+ <=> an_aldehyde + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.103 L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.11 D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.14 L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.17 mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.184 carbonyl reductase (NADPH)
1.1.1.192 long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.202 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
1.1.1.244 methanol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.245 cyclohexanol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.284 S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase
1.1.1.306 S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.307 D-xylose reductase
1.1.1.6 glycerol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.71 alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.73 octanol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.77 lactaldehyde reductase
1.1.1.78 methylglyoxal reductase (NADH)
1.1.1.80 isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.B4






















acetaldehyde + H2O + NAD+ <=> acetate + NADH + H+ 1.17.1.4 xanthine dehydrogenase
1.2.1.10 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
1.2.1.18 malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.21 glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.22 lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.24 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.26 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase
1.2.1.28 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.31 L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.32 aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.36 retinal dehydrogenase
1.2.1.39 phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.41 glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.46 formaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.47 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.48 long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.5 aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.2.1.65 salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.69 fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.8 betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.85 2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.99 4-(gamma-glutamylamino)butanal dehydrogenase

























L-lactate <=> formate + acetaldehyde 4.1.2.36 lactate aldolase

pyruvate + phosphate + ATP <=> H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate + AMP + diphosphate 2.7.9.1 pyruvate, phosphate dikinase

2-hydroxyethyl-ThPP + Enzyme_N6-(lipoyl)lysine <=> [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue_acetyltransferase]_S-acetyldihydrolipoyllysine + thiamine_diphosphate 1.2.4.1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)

acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ <=> acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.10 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
1.2.1.42 hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating)
1.2.1.57 butanal dehydrogenase
1.2.1.87 propanal dehydrogenase (CoA-propanoylating)




pyruvate + ATP <=> H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP 2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinase

(S)-malate + NAD+ <=> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.28 D-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.299 malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.337 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.1.1.37 malate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.375 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.38 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase
1.1.1.82 malate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.85 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.95 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.96 diiodophenylpyruvate reductase











acetyl-CoA + enzyme_N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine <=> CoA + enzyme_N6-(S-acetyldihydrolipoyl)lysine 2.3.1.12 dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase

acetylene_dicarboxylate + H2O <=> enol-oxaloacetate 4.1.1.78 acetylenedicarboxylate decarboxylase

H2O + acetyl-CoA <=> H+ + acetate + CoA 2.3.1.16 acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
2.3.1.226 carboxymethylproline synthase
2.3.1.31 homoserine O-acetyltransferase
2.3.3.10 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
2.3.3.13 2-isopropylmalate synthase
3.1.2.1 acetyl-CoA hydrolase
3.1.2.17 (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase
3.1.2.18 ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase
3.1.2.20 acyl-CoA hydrolase
3.1.2.23 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase
3.1.2.25 phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase
3.1.2.29 fluoroacetyl-CoA thioesterase












pyruvate + CoA + flavin + H+ <=> acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced_flavodoxin 1.2.7
1.2.7.1 pyruvate synthase


H2O + pyruvate + ATP <=> H+ + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate + AMP 2.7.1.40 pyruvate kinase
2.7.9.2 pyruvate, water dikinase


L-lactate + NAD+ <=> pyruvate + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.27 L-lactate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.337 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.1.1.37 malate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.375 L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.38 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)





ethanol + ubiquinone <=> acetaldehyde + ubiquinol 1.1.5.5 alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone)

succinate + a_quinone <=> fumarate + a_quinol 1.3.5.1 succinate dehydrogenase
1.3.5.4 fumarate reductase (quinol)


formate + acetyl-CoA <=> pyruvate + CoA 2.3.1.54 formate C-acetyltransferase

D-lactate + ferricytochrome_b5 <=> pyruvate + ferricytochrome_b5 + H+ 1.1.2.5 D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553)

oxaloacetate + GTP <=> CO2 + phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP 4.1.1.32 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)
4.1.1.49 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP)


L-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome_c <=> pyruvate + 2 ferricytochrome_c + 2 H+ 1.1.2.3 L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

D-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome_c <=> pyruvate + 2 ferricytochrome_c + 2 H+ 1.1.2.4 D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

methylglyoxal + NAD+ + H2O <=> H+ + pyruvate + NADH 1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.22 lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.23 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.46 formaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.8 betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase






2-oxoglutarate + H2O + acetyl-CoA <=> H+ + (R)-2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + CoA 2.3.3.14 homocitrate synthase

D-Lactaldehyde + NAD+ <=> methylglyoxal + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.78 methylglyoxal reductase (NADH)
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)


(S)-malate + NAD+ <=> pyruvate + CO2 + NADH 1.1.1.38 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
1.1.1.39 malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
1.1.1.40 malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
1.1.1.85 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
1.3.1.7 meso-tartrate dehydrogenase





H+ + pyruvate + thiamine_diphosphate <=> 2-hydroxyethyl-ThPP + CO2 1.2.4.1 pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)
2.2.1.6 acetolactate synthase
4.1.1.1 pyruvate decarboxylase



oxaloacetate + ATP <=> CO2 + phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP 4.1.1.31 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
4.1.1.38 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate)
4.1.1.49 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP)



pyruvate + HCO3- + ATP <=> H+ + oxaloacetate + ADP + phosphate 6.4.1.1 pyruvate carboxylase

ATP + acetate <=> ADP + acetyl_phosphate 2.1.2.2 phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase
2.7.2.1 acetate kinase
2.7.2.15 propionate kinase
2.7.2.2 carbamate kinase




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