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Butanoate metabolism

State Icon Reaction EC-Number Confidence maximal confidence score from EnzymeDetector
H+ + pyruvate <=> (S)-2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + CO2 2.2.1.6 acetolactate synthase
4.1.1.1 pyruvate decarboxylase


H2O + (R)-3-((R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy)butanoate <=> H+ + (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate 3.1.1.22 hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase
3.1.1.75 poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase


succinate_semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O <=> NADPH + succinate + H+ 1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
1.2.1.16 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.2.1.24 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.26 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase
1.2.1.79 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)





acetoin + NAD+ <=> diacetyl + NADH + H+ 1.1.1
1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.10 L-xylulose reductase
1.1.1.103 L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.153 sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)
1.1.1.185 L-glycol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.254 (S)-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.303 diacetyl reductase [(R)-acetoin forming]
1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.76 (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)












(2R,3R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ <=> (R)-acetoin + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.6 glycerol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.81 hydroxypyruvate reductase




(S)-2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + acceptor + H+ <=> diacetyl + CO2 + reduced_acceptor not assigned

n (3R)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA <=> poly(3-hydroxybutanoate)n + n CoA 2.3.1

Butyrate + ATP <=> butyryl_phosphate + ADP 2.7.2.1 acetate kinase
2.7.2.14 branched-chain-fatty-acid kinase
2.7.2.15 propionate kinase
2.7.2.7 butyrate kinase




1-butanol + NAD+ <=> Butyraldehyde + NADH + H+ 1.1.1
1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.103 L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase
1.1.1.105 all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.1.1.192 long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.202 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
1.1.1.244 methanol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.245 cyclohexanol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.265 3-methylbutanal reductase
1.1.1.306 S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.6 glycerol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.71 alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.73 octanol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.76 (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.B4

















CoA + acetoacetate + ATP <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP 6.2.1.16 acetoacetate---CoA ligase

meso-2,3-butanediol + NAD+ <=> (S)-acetoin + NADH + H+ 1.1.1
1.1.1.304 diacetyl reductase [(S)-acetoin forming]
1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.6 glycerol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.76 (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.B20






Butyrate + CoA + ATP <=> butyryl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate 6.2.1.1 acetate---CoA ligase
6.2.1.17 propionate---CoA ligase
6.2.1.2 medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase
6.2.1.3 long-chain-fatty-acid---CoA ligase
6.2.1.30 phenylacetate---CoA ligase
6.2.1.36 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase
6.2.1.44 3-(methylthio)propionyl---CoA ligase







meso-2,3-butanediol + NAD+ <=> (R)-acetoin + NADH + H+ 1.1.1
1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.76 (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.B20




H+ + (S)-2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate <=> (R)-acetoin + CO2 4.1.1.5 acetolactate decarboxylase

(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA <=> (3R)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA 5.1.2.3 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase

acetyl-CoA + 4-hydroxybutyrate <=> acetate + 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA 2.8.3
2.8.3.1 propionate CoA-transferase


(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA <=> acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA 4.1.3.4 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase

succinyl-CoA + acetoacetate <=> succinate + acetoacetyl-CoA 2.8.3.18 succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.5 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase


vinylacetyl-CoA <=> crotonyl-CoA 5.3.3.3 vinylacetyl-CoA Delta-isomerase

acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O + acetyl-CoA <=> H+ + CoA + (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA 2.3.3.10 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase

D-malate <=> H2O + Maleate 4.2.1.31 maleate hydratase
4.2.1.36 homoaconitate hydratase


(S)-acetoin <=> (R)-acetoin 5.1.2.4 acetoin racemase

4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA <=> crotonyl-CoA + H2O 4.2.1.120 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA dehydratase

H+ + L-glutamate <=> CO2 + 4-aminobutanoate 4.1.1.15 glutamate decarboxylase
4.1.1.25 tyrosine decarboxylase
4.1.1.29 sulfinoalanine decarboxylase



glutaconyl-CoA + H+ <=> CO2 + crotonyl-CoA 1.3.8.6 glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ETF)
6.4.1.4 methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase
7.2.4.5 glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase



butyryl-CoA + FAD <=> crotonyl-CoA + FADH2 1.3.3.6 acyl-CoA oxidase
1.3.8.1 short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.3.8.4 isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.3.8.7 medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.3.99





poly(3-hydroxybutanoate)n + H2O <=> poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate]x + (R)-3-((R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy)butanoate 3.1.1.75 poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase

1-butanol + NADP+ <=> H+ + Butyraldehyde + NADPH 1.1.1
1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.183 geraniol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.184 carbonyl reductase (NADPH)
1.1.1.188 prostaglandin-F synthase
1.1.1.191 indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADPH)
1.1.1.195 cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
1.1.1.265 3-methylbutanal reductase
1.1.1.71 alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.1.1.72 glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.91 aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)













(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NADP+ <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1.157 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.1.1.35 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase


(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-1-CoA <=> H2O + glutaconyl-CoA 4.2.1
4.2.1.167 (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase


succinate + a_quinone <=> fumarate + a_quinol 1.3.5.1 succinate dehydrogenase
1.3.5.4 fumarate reductase (quinol)


formate + acetyl-CoA <=> pyruvate + CoA 2.3.1.54 formate C-acetyltransferase

2-hydroxyglutarate + FAD + H+ <=> 2-oxoglutarate + FADH2 1.1.99.2 L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase

3-butyn-1-al + NAD+ + H2O <=> 3-Butynoate + NADH + H+ not assigned

Maleate <=> fumarate 5.2.1.1 maleate isomerase

H2O + acetoacetyl-CoA <=> H+ + acetoacetate + CoA 3.1.2.1 acetyl-CoA hydrolase
3.1.2.11 acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase
3.1.2.18 ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase
3.1.2.32 2-aminobenzoylacetyl-CoA thioesterase




acetyl-CoA + 2-hydroxyglutarate <=> acetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-1-CoA 2.8.3.12 glutaconate CoA-transferase

(3R)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NADP+ <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1.100 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
1.1.1.157 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.1.1.36 acetoacetyl-CoA reductase



succinate_semialdehyde + NADP+ + CoA <=> succinyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ 1.2.1.75 malonyl-CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
1.2.1.76 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)


NADP+ + 4-hydroxybutyrate <=> H+ + NADPH + succinate_semialdehyde 1.1.1
1.1.1.19 glucuronate reductase
1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.26 glyoxylate reductase
1.1.1.61 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
1.1.1.B47
1.1.1.co








meso-2,3-butanediol + NAD+ <=> (S)-acetoin + NADH + H+ 1.1.1
1.1.1.304 diacetyl reductase [(S)-acetoin forming]
1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.6 glycerol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.76 (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.B20






acetoacetate <=> 3-Butynoate + H2O 4.2.1.27 acetylenecarboxylate hydratase

4-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ <=> succinate_semialdehyde + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.1.1.21 aldose reductase
1.1.1.61 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.79 glyoxylate reductase (NADP+)
1.1.1.B47





(3R)-hydroxybutyryl-CoA <=> crotonyl-CoA + H2O 4.2.1.119 enoyl-CoA hydratase 2
4.2.1.150 short-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase
4.2.1.17 enoyl-CoA hydratase
4.2.1.55 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase
4.2.1.59 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase





acetyl-CoA <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA 1.1.1.34 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
2.3.1.155 acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase
2.3.1.16 acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
2.3.1.38 [acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase
2.3.1.9 acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase





succinate_semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> NADH + succinate + H+ 1.2.1.16 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.21 glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.24 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.26 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.79 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase








3-butyn-1-al + reduced_pyrroloquinoline_quinone <=> 3-Butyne-1-ol + pyrroloquinoline_quinone not assigned

Butyraldehyde + CoA + NAD+ <=> butyryl-CoA + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.10 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
1.2.1.42 hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating)
1.2.1.57 butanal dehydrogenase
1.2.1.87 propanal dehydrogenase (CoA-propanoylating)




butyryl-CoA + phosphate <=> butyryl_phosphate + CoA 2.3.1.19 phosphate butyryltransferase
2.3.1.222 phosphate propanoyltransferase
2.3.1.8 phosphate acetyltransferase



pyruvate + CoA + oxidized_ferredoxin <=> acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced_ferredoxin_[iron-sulfur]_cluster + H+ 1.2.7.1 pyruvate synthase
1.2.7.11 2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
1.2.7.7 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)



(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ <=> acetoacetate + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.30 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

n-butane + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 1-butanol + NAD+ + H2O 1.14.13.230 butane monooxygenase (soluble)

3-butyn-1-al + pyrroloquinoline_quinone + H2O <=> 3-Butynoate + reduced_pyrroloquinoline_quinone not assigned

D-malate + NAD+ <=> pyruvate + NADH + CO2 1.1.1.83 D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
1.1.1.84 dimethylmalate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.85 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.93 tartrate dehydrogenase
1.3.1.7 meso-tartrate dehydrogenase
4.1.1.73 tartrate decarboxylase






butyryl-CoA + NADP+ <=> crotonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ 1.3.1.10 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, Si-specific)
1.3.1.38 trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
1.3.1.39 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, Re-specific)
1.3.1.44 trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+)
1.3.1.8 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1.3.1.85 crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase
1.3.1.86 crotonyl-CoA reductase
1.3.1.9 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)








4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate <=> succinate_semialdehyde + L-alanine 2.6.1.116 6-aminohexanoate aminotransferase
2.6.1.18 beta-alanine---pyruvate transaminase
2.6.1.19 4-aminobutyrate---2-oxoglutarate transaminase
2.6.1.40 (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate---pyruvate transaminase
2.6.1.96 4-aminobutyrate---pyruvate transaminase





butyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> crotonyl-CoA + NADH + H+ 1.3.1.44 trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+)
1.3.1.9 enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)


succinyl-CoA + acetate <=> succinate + acetyl-CoA 2.8.3.1 propionate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.18 succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.8 acetate CoA-transferase



Butyraldehyde + CoA + NADP+ <=> butyryl-CoA + NADPH + H+ 1.2.1.10 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
1.2.1.57 butanal dehydrogenase
1.2.1.76 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)



(S)-acetoin + NAD+ <=> diacetyl + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.304 diacetyl reductase [(S)-acetoin forming]
1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.76 (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
1.1.1.B20




butyryl-CoA + acetate <=> Butyrate + acetyl-CoA 2.8.3.1 propionate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.14 5-hydroxypentanoate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.8 acetate CoA-transferase
2.8.3.9 butyrate---acetoacetate CoA-transferase




(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.178 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.1.1.35 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.1.1.36 acetoacetyl-CoA reductase



4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate <=> succinate_semialdehyde + L-glutamate 2.6.1.19 4-aminobutyrate---2-oxoglutarate transaminase
2.6.1.2 alanine transaminase
2.6.1.22 (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase
2.6.1.29 diamine transaminase
2.6.1.48 5-aminovalerate transaminase





(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA <=> H2O + crotonyl-CoA 1.3.8.7 medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
4.2.1.116 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase
4.2.1.150 short-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase
4.2.1.17 enoyl-CoA hydratase




Visualization of the pathway