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Arginine and proline metabolism

State Icon Reaction EC-Number Confidence maximal confidence score from EnzymeDetector
Creatine + ATP <=> H+ + phosphocreatine + ADP 2.7.3.2 creatine kinase
2.7.3.4 taurocyamine kinase


Nomega-hydroxy-L-arginine + reduced_flavodoxin + O2 <=> L-citrulline + NO + flavin + H2O + H+ 1.14.14.47 nitric-oxide synthase (flavodoxin)

N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O <=> L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ 1.5.1.19 D-nopaline dehydrogenase

(D)-4-hydroxy-alpha-ketoglutarate <=> glyoxylate + pyruvate 4.1.3.16 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase
4.1.3.42 (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase


Guanidinoacetate + ATP <=> H+ + phosphoguanidinoacetate + ADP 2.7.3.1 guanidinoacetate kinase
2.7.3.2 creatine kinase
2.7.3.4 taurocyamine kinase
2.7.3.6 hypotaurocyamine kinase




1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate <=> pyrrole-2-carboxylate + H2O not assigned

octopine + NAD+ + H2O <=> L-arginine + pyruvate + NADH + H+ 1.5.1.11 D-octopine dehydrogenase

L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O <=> H+ + L-glutamate + NADH 1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase


putrescine + 2-oxoglutarate <=> L-glutamate + Aliphatic-Omega-Amino-Aldehydes 2.6.1.19 4-aminobutyrate---2-oxoglutarate transaminase
2.6.1.29 diamine transaminase
2.6.1.82 putrescine---2-oxoglutarate transaminase



spermidine + S-adenosylmethioninamine <=> H+ + spermine + S-methyl-5''-thioadenosine 2.5.1.104 N1-aminopropylagmatine synthase
2.5.1.16 spermidine synthase
2.5.1.22 spermine synthase
2.5.1.23 sym-norspermidine synthase
2.5.1.79 thermospermine synthase





L-ornithine <=> L-proline + NH3 4.3.1.12 ornithine cyclodeaminase

L-arginine + 4-aminobutanoate <=> 4-Guanidinobutyrate + L-ornithine 2.1.4.1 glycine amidinotransferase

D-proline + L-glutamine <=> Linatine not assigned

L-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + NADP+ + 2 H2O <=> L-erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate + NADPH + H+ 1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

H2O + creatinine <=> Creatine 3.5.2.10 creatininase

H+ + H2O + creatinine <=> NH3 + N-methylhydantoin 3.5.4.21 creatinine deaminase

L-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O <=> H+ + L-erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate + NADH 1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1.5.1


H+ + N-carbamoylsarcosine + H2O <=> NH3 + CO2 + sarcosine 3.5.1.59 N-carbamoylsarcosine amidase

H+ + L-arginine <=> CO2 + agmatine 4.1.1.19 arginine decarboxylase

N-acetyl-4-aminobutyraldehyde + H2O + NAD+ <=> 4-acetamidobutanoate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)

H2O + L-arginine <=> Urea + L-ornithine 3.5.3.1 arginase
3.5.3.7 guanidinobutyrase


L-hydroxyproline + NADP+ <=> 4-Oxoproline + NADPH + H+ 1.1.1.104 4-oxoproline reductase

N-succinyl-L-glutamate_5-semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> N2-succinylglutamate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.71 succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

NAD+ + trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline <=> H+ + NADH + 4-Oxoproline 1.1.1.104 4-oxoproline reductase

4-(glutamylamino)_butanoate + H2O <=> L-glutamate + 4-aminobutanoate 3.5.1.94 gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate hydrolase

D-proline + acceptor <=> DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + reduced_acceptor + H+ 1.5.99.13 D-proline dehydrogenase

1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADP+ + H2O <=> L-glutamate + NADPH 1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O <=> 4-(glutamylamino)_butanoate + NADPH + H+ 1.2.1.99 4-(gamma-glutamylamino)butanal dehydrogenase

L-proline + FAD <=> L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + FADH2 1.5
1.5.5.2 proline dehydrogenase
1.5.8
1.5.99.B2




L-arginine + ATP <=> H+ + N5-(N-phosphonocarbamimidoyl)-L-ornithine + ADP 2.7.3.10 agmatine kinase
2.7.3.3 arginine kinase
2.7.3.6 hypotaurocyamine kinase



acetyl-CoA + putrescine <=> N-acetylputrescine + CoA + H+ 2.3.1.57 diamine N-acetyltransferase

L-proline + a_quinone <=> L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a_quinol 1.5.5.2 proline dehydrogenase
1.5.99.B2


L-proline <=> D-proline 5.1.1.4 proline racemase
5.1.1.8 4-hydroxyproline epimerase


4-coumaroyl-CoA + putrescine <=> CoA + N-coumaroylputrescine 2.3.1
2.3.1.138 putrescine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
2.3.1.64 agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase



4-Aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1
1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.24 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.47 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.54 gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.8 betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase







feruloyl-CoA + putrescine <=> CoA + N-feruloylputrescine 2.3.1
2.3.1.138 putrescine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase
2.3.1.64 agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase



4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine <=> H+ + CoA + 4-coumaroylagmatine 2.3.1.64 agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase

trans-L-3-hydroxyproline <=> DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+ 4.2.1.77 trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + NADP+ <=> NADPH + L-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + H+ 1.5.1.2 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase

N-acetylputrescine + H2O <=> putrescine + acetate 3.5.1.4 amidase
3.5.1.48 acetylspermidine deacetylase
3.5.1.53 N-carbamoylputrescine amidase
3.5.1.62 acetylputrescine deacetylase




H2O + agmatine <=> Urea + putrescine 3.5.3.1 arginase
3.5.3.11 agmatinase


putrescine + S-adenosylmethioninamine <=> H+ + spermidine + S-methyl-5''-thioadenosine 2.5.1.104 N1-aminopropylagmatine synthase
2.5.1.16 spermidine synthase
2.5.1.23 sym-norspermidine synthase



Nomega-hydroxy-L-arginine + NADPH + O2 <=> L-citrulline + NO + NADP+ + H2O + H+ 1.14.13.39 nitric-oxide synthase (NADPH)

L-proline + NADP+ <=> L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ 1.5.1.2 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase

L-arginine + glycine <=> L-ornithine + Guanidinoacetate 2.1.4.1 glycine amidinotransferase

N2-succinylglutamate + H2O <=> L-glutamate + succinate 3.5.1.96 succinylglutamate desuccinylase

L-4-hydroxyglutamate_semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> L-erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1
1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase


H2O + Creatine <=> Urea + sarcosine 3.5.3.3 creatinase

carboxyspermidine + H+ <=> spermidine + CO2 4.1.1
4.1.1.96 carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase


cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline <=> DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+ 4.2.1.171 cis-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase

carboxyspermidine + H2O + NADP+ <=> L-aspartate_4-semialdehyde + putrescine + NADPH + H+ 1.4.1.B4
1.5.1.43 carboxynorspermidine synthase


S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H+ <=> CO2 + S-adenosylmethioninamine 4.1.1.19 arginine decarboxylase
4.1.1.50 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase


H+ + 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate <=> CO2 + 4-guanidinobutyraldehyde 4.1.1.75 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate decarboxylase

spermidine + H2O + acceptor <=> 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-Aminobutyraldehyde + reduced_acceptor 1.4.9.1 methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin)
1.5.99.6 spermidine dehydrogenase


H2O + N-methylhydantoin + ATP <=> H+ + N-carbamoylsarcosine + phosphate + ADP 3.5.2.14 N-methylhydantoinase (ATP-hydrolysing)

2-2H-4-allohydroxy-D-Pro + O2 <=> 1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate + H2O2 1.4.3.3 D-amino-acid oxidase

4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine + ATP <=> H+ + homocarnosine + ADP + phosphate 6.3.2.11 carnosine synthase

H+ + H2O + 1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate <=> NH3 + 2,5-dioxopentanoate 3.5.4.22 1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate deaminase

H+ + H2O + L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate <=> L-glutamate_5-semialdehyde 0.0.0.0

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + Guanidinoacetate <=> H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + Creatine 2.1.1.2 guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline <=> 2-2H-4-allohydroxy-D-Pro 5.1.1.8 4-hydroxyproline epimerase

phosphocreatine <=> creatinine + phosphate not assigned

spermidine + O2 + H2O <=> 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-Aminobutyraldehyde + H2O2 1.4.3.10 putrescine oxidase
1.5.3.14 polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
1.5.99.6 spermidine dehydrogenase



L-arginine + succinyl-CoA <=> H+ + N2-succinyl-L-arginine + CoA 2.3.1.109 arginine N-succinyltransferase

gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + H2O + O2 <=> gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + H2O2 + NH3 1.4.3
1.4.3.B1
1.4.3.M3



H+ + N2-succinyl-L-arginine + H2O <=> NH3 + N2-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO2 3.5.3.23 N-succinylarginine dihydrolase

L-arginine + pyruvate <=> 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine 2.6.1.40 (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate---pyruvate transaminase
2.6.1.51 serine---pyruvate transaminase
2.6.1.84 arginine---pyruvate transaminase



putrescine + pyruvate <=> 4-Aminobutyraldehyde + L-alanine 2.6.1.113 putrescine---pyruvate transaminase
2.6.1.29 diamine transaminase
2.6.1.82 putrescine---2-oxoglutarate transaminase



homocarnosine + H2O <=> 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine 3.4.13.18 cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase
3.4.13.20 beta-Ala-His dipeptidase
3.4.13.5 Xaa-methyl-His dipeptidase



L-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + H2O + H+ <=> L-4-hydroxyglutamate_semialdehyde not assigned

peptide + H2O <=> L-proline + peptide 3.4.11.5 prolyl aminopeptidase

4-Guanidinobutyrate + H2O <=> 4-aminobutanoate + Urea 3.5.3.10 D-arginase
3.5.3.17 guanidinopropionase
3.5.3.2 guanidinoacetase
3.5.3.7 guanidinobutyrase




5-amino-2-oxopentanoate <=> DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+ 0.0.0.0

acetyl-CoA + L-glutamate_5-semialdehyde <=> N-acetyl-L-glutamate_5-semialdehyde + CoA + H+ 2.3.1.271 L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde N-acetyltransferase

N-acetylputrescine + H2O + O2 <=> N-acetyl-4-aminobutyraldehyde + NH3 + H2O2 1.4.3.10 putrescine oxidase
1.4.3.4 monoamine oxidase


D-proline + O2 <=> DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O2 1.4.3.19 glycine oxidase
1.4.3.3 D-amino-acid oxidase


4-guanidinobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> 4-Guanidinobutyrate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.54 gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.8 betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase




L-glutamate_5-semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ <=> L-glutamate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.24 succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
1.2.1.41 glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.5 aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]
1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase




L-glutamate_5-semialdehyde + phosphate + NADP+ <=> L-5-glutamyl_phosphate + NADPH + H+ 1.2.1.41 glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase

carboxynorspermidine + NADP+ + H2O <=> L-aspartate_4-semialdehyde + 1,3-diaminopropane + NADPH + H+ 1.4.1.B4
1.5.1.43 carboxynorspermidine synthase


trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + NAD+ <=> NADH + L-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + H+ 1.5.1.2 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase

L-arginine + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> Nomega-hydroxy-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O 1.14.13.39 nitric-oxide synthase (NADPH)

4-Guanidinobutanamide + H2O <=> NH3 + 4-Guanidinobutyrate 3.5.1.4 amidase

L-arginine + reduced_flavodoxin + O2 <=> Nomega-hydroxy-L-arginine + flavin + H2O 1.14.14.47 nitric-oxide synthase (flavodoxin)

4-Aminobutyraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O <=> 4-aminobutanoate + NADPH + H+ 1.2.1
1.2.1.19 aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
1.2.1.3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)



2-2H-4-allohydroxy-D-Pro + acceptor <=> 1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate + reduced_acceptor 1.5.99

L-proline + NADP+ <=> DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ 1.5.1.1 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase [NAD(P)H]
1.5.1.21 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase (NADPH)
1.5.1.25 thiomorpholine-carboxylate dehydrogenase
1.5.1.49 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase [NAD(P)H]




L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2 1.14.11.2 procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase
1.14.11.57 L-proline trans-4-hydroxylase


L-glutamate + ATP <=> L-5-glutamyl_phosphate + ADP 2.7.2.11 glutamate 5-kinase

L-proline + NAD+ <=> DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + NADH + H+ 1.5.1.1 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase [NAD(P)H]
1.5.1.49 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase [NAD(P)H]
1.5.1.B5



2-oxoglutarate + L-erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate <=> L-glutamate + (D)-4-hydroxy-alpha-ketoglutarate 2.6.1.1 aspartate transaminase
2.6.1.23 4-hydroxyglutamate transaminase


feruloyl-CoA + agmatine <=> CoA + feruloyl_agmatine 2.3.1.64 agmatine N4-coumaroyltransferase

N2-succinyl-L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate <=> L-glutamate + N-succinyl-L-glutamate_5-semialdehyde 2.6.1.11 acetylornithine transaminase
2.6.1.81 succinylornithine transaminase


L-proline + NAD+ <=> L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.88 L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1.5.1.2 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
1.5.1.20 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
1.5.5.2 proline dehydrogenase




trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + a_quinone <=> L-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a_quinol 1.5.5.3 hydroxyproline dehydrogenase

gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O <=> 4-(glutamylamino)_butanoate + NADH + H+ 1.2.1.99 4-(gamma-glutamylamino)butanal dehydrogenase

L-arginine + H2O + O2 <=> 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + H2O2 1.4.3.14 L-lysine oxidase
1.4.3.2 L-amino-acid oxidase
1.4.3.25 L-arginine oxidase



H+ + carboxynorspermidine <=> norspermidine + CO2 4.1.1.96 carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase

L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate <=> L-glutamate + L-glutamate_5-semialdehyde 2.6.1.11 acetylornithine transaminase
2.6.1.13 ornithine aminotransferase
2.6.1.19 4-aminobutyrate---2-oxoglutarate transaminase
2.6.1.81 succinylornithine transaminase




1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate + H2O <=> 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-5-aminovalerate not assigned

D-Aspartate + (D)-4-hydroxy-alpha-ketoglutarate <=> oxaloacetate + L-erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate 2.6.1.21 D-amino-acid transaminase

O2 + H2O + putrescine <=> NH3 + H2O2 + 4-Aminobutyraldehyde 1.4.3.10 putrescine oxidase
1.4.3.21 primary-amine oxidase
1.4.3.22 diamine oxidase



spermidine + O2 + H2O <=> putrescine + 3-aminopropionaldehyde + H2O2 1.5.3.16 spermine oxidase
1.5.3.17 non-specific polyamine oxidase


trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline <=> L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + H2O + H+ 4.2.1.172 trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline dehydratase

H+ + N-Carbamoylputrescine + H2O <=> putrescine + CO2 + NH3 3.5.1.53 N-carbamoylputrescine amidase

H2O + agmatine <=> NH3 + N-Carbamoylputrescine 3.5.3.12 agmatine deiminase

5-Aminopentanoate <=> D-proline 1.21.4.1 D-proline reductase
1.4.1.12 2,4-diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase


4-acetamidobutanoate + H2O <=> 4-aminobutanoate + acetate 3.5.1.63 4-acetamidobutyrate deacetylase

putrescine + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + phosphate 6.3.1.11 glutamate---putrescine ligase

L-arginine + O2 <=> 4-Guanidinobutanamide + CO2 + H2O 1.13.12.1 arginine 2-monooxygenase
1.13.12.2 lysine 2-monooxygenase


H+ + L-ornithine <=> CO2 + putrescine 4.1.1.17 ornithine decarboxylase
4.1.1.18 lysine decarboxylase
4.1.1.19 arginine decarboxylase
4.1.1.86 diaminobutyrate decarboxylase
4.1.1.B12





spermine + O2 + H2O <=> spermidine + 3-aminopropionaldehyde + H2O2 1.5.3.16 spermine oxidase
1.5.3.17 non-specific polyamine oxidase


Visualization of the pathway